D464A Transect 17 Epifaunally diverse sediment (cup corals, xenophyophores) on terraces between bedrock outcroppings with Solenosmilia and mixed corals. Some areas of cobble/boulders and veneered carbonate with mixed corals. Features of Interest: canyon, escarpments Water Depth: 1870-1391 m
Highlights: Solenosmilia reef Bolocera sea anemone Holothurian & sea fan Orange roughy Sea fan & brittlestar
The floor of the canyon slopes gently upwards from 1870 m; terraces are present from 1700 m to the top of the canyon at 1400 m. The ground is generally soft interspersed with hard cliffs. Where hard substrate is present black corals, including Leiopathes sp., glass sponges and cup corals are numerous; crinoids and ophiuroids are also present here. Numerous brisingids are present and a large anemone, cf. Bolocera sp. At 1650 m a Solenosmilia variabilis reef is evident. Barnacles are common along here with what appears to be sabellid tubes. At the top of the canyon rocks and boulders are colonised by barnacles, glass sponges and black corals. Marine litter (plastic water cup) is recorded here.
START VIDEO [00:00:00]/00:20 [1]: The transect starts on rippled sand with no obvious dominant epifauna. [00:06:06] Antimora sp. [00:07:00] [2] Areas of sparsely encrusted carbonate crust become apparent under the sand, and Ophiomusa lymani ophiurioids are frequently encountered. [00:12:00] [3] the rippled sand, now with occasional pebbles starts to host a field of solitary cup corals [00:16:00] [4] the transect bisects a small bedrock shelf/escarpment with mixed corals [00:16:00]/00:37 [5] then continues into more cup corals on rippled sand, now with increasing densities of xenophyophores (Syringammina fragilissima). [00:25:00] [6] A large bedrock outcropping is encountered with rich encrusting fauna and Solenomilia variabilis colonies. From here several further bedrock shelves are met, hosting similar fauna, with cup corals and xenophyophores on the terraces between them. [00:42:00] [7] While similar features are encountered, the hard substrate starts to be dominated by barnacles, although mixed corals still co-occur. Cup coral/xenophyophore terraces continue. [00:45:00] [8] A more substantial escarpment is met and traversed along. The hard substrate here displays both mixed corals and Solenosmilia variabilis and dense barnacles (thought of as separate biotopes in the mid-bathyal). [00:50:00] [9] a longer period is spent over rippled sand and the cup coral/xenophyophore aggregations. [00:59:00] [10] further terraces of bedrock are encountered, here with S. variabilis dominating the vertical shelves and the cup corals/xenophyophores on rippled sand/pebbles between. [01:13:00] [11] above the top terrace, the cup corals/xenophyophores continue with rare boulders displaying mixed corals (e.g. Paramuricea sp. and Chrysogorgiidae sp). One Orange Roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) is encountered. Increasing pebbles lead to [01:27:00] [12] areas of cobbles/boulders encrusted predominantly by barnacles although mixed corals are also present. These increase in density until reaching the foot of a steeper slope at [01:43:00] [13] here the soft sediment is a veneer over carbonate rock and is dominated by Stichopathes sp. corals, exposed rock, boulders and cobbles display more mixed corals including discrete Solenosmilia variabilis colonies. [01:55:00] [14] The top of the slope is reached, resuming rippled sand now with dense xenophyophores and rare boulders dominated by barnacles. END VIDEO [02:02:00]/02:23.
Progression | Start | Duration | Code | Name |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | [00:00:00] | 00:07:37 | M.AtLB.Sa | Atlantic lower bathyal sand |
2 | [00:07:38] | 00:04:39 | M.AtLB.Mx.SurOph.OphCer | Ophiomusa lymani and cerianthid anemone assemblage on Atlantic lower bathyal mixed sediment |
3 | [00:12:18] | 00:04:06 | M.AtLB.Sa.SolScl | Solitary scleractinian field on Atlantic lower bathyal sand |
4 | [00:16:25] | 00:00:21 | M.AtLB.Sa.SolScl | Solitary scleractinian field on Atlantic lower bathyal sand |
5 | [00:16:47] | 00:08:51 | M.AtLB.Sa.SolScl | Solitary scleractinian field on Atlantic lower bathyal sand |
10 | [00:59:57] | 00:13:08 | M.AtLB.Ro.MixCor.DisSol | Discrete Solenosmilia variabilis colonies on Atlantic lower bathyal rock and other hard substrata |
13 | [01:43:06] | 00:12:01 | M.AtLB.Ro.MixCor | Mixed cold water coral community on Atlantic lower bathyal coarse sediment |
14 | [01:55:08] | 00:07:17 | M.AtLB.Co.XenCom.SyrFra | Syringammina fragilissima field on Atlantic lower bathyal coarse sediment |
Unknown Hydrozoa or Annelida : 1027 : O
Foraminifera
Syringammina fragilissima : 261 : F
Porifera
cf. Phakellia ventilabrum : 202 : O
cf. Polymastia boletiformis : 1030 : O
Porifera cylindrical sp. 2 : 1075 : O
Porifera encrusting sp. 1 (white) : 1 : R
Porifera encrusting sp. 10 (yellow) : 30 : R
Porifera lamellate sp. 10 : 1010 : O
Porifera lamellate sp. 13 : 1053 : O
Porifera lamellate sp. 9 : 606 : O
Porifera massive globose sp. 15 (Solenosmilia rubble) : 1051 : O
Porifera massive lobose sp. 18 (cf. Farrea sp. ) : 576 : R
Blue Porifera encrusting : 800 : R
Cnidaria
Cerianthidae sp. 1 : 2 : R
Actiniaria sp. 1 : 4 : O
Actiniaria sp. 20 : 605 : R
Actinernus michaelsarsi : 554 : O
Bolocera tuediae : 12 : R
Actinostolidae sp. 1 : 132 : F
Adamsia sp. : 1066 : O
Phelliactis sp. 1 : 255 : R
Liponema sp. : 1055 : R
Antipatharia sp. 4 cf. Stauropathes : 592 : R
Stichopathes sp. : 560 : C
Leiopathes sp. : 305 : O
Bathypathes sp. (brown) : 284 : O
Parantipathes sp. : 1042 : O
Stauropathes arctica : 547 : O
Caryophyllidae/Fabellidae (indet.) : 1058 : C
Caryophyllia sp. 2 : 6 : R
Desmophyllum cf. dianthus : 335 : O
Solenosmilia variabilis : 700 : O
Flabellum sp. : 1056 : R
Anthomastus grandiflorus : 278 : O
Anthothela grandiflora : 311 : R
Chrysogorgidae sp. 1 : 1008 : O
Acanella arbuscula : 585 : F
Eknomisis sp. : 649 : O
Keratoisis sp. 2 : 578 : R
Lepidisis sp. : 557 : O
Paramuricea sp. : 1050 : F
Pennatula aculeata : 1046 : O
Umbellula sp. : 581 : R
Rhodaliidae sp. 2 : 1079 : R
Annelida
Aphroditidae sp. 1 : 146 : R
Serpulidae sp. 1 : 106 : R
Arthropoda
Munida tenuimana : 339 : R
Paguridae sp. : 205 : O
Caridea (indet.) : 1077 : R
Colossendeis sp. 1 : 1059 : O
Cirripedia sp. 1 : 82 : O
Mollusca
Acesta excavata : 1062 : R
Colus sp. : 113 : R
Octopoda (indet.) : 659 : R
Brachiopoda
Brachiopoda sp. 1 : 34 : R
Bryozoa
Reteporella sp. : 204 : R
Echinodermata
Bathycrinidae sp. 1 : 1041 : O
Bathycrinidae sp. 2 cf. Porphyrocrinus thalassae : 1045 : R
Pentametrocrinus atlanticus : 436 : O
Anachalypsicrinus nefertiti : 1031 : O
Crinoidea sp. : 1072 : R
Crinoidea sp. 1 : 131 : R
Asteronyx loveni : 471 : O
Ophiomusa lymani : 551 : F
Ophiuroidea (indet.) : 1076 : R
Ophiuroidea sp. 11 (red disc) : 1036 : R
Brisingidae sp. : 274 : O
Stichastrella rosea : 198 : R
Porania sp. : 263 : R
Solaster endeca : 573 : O
Echinus sp. (deep, white/pink) : 1052 : R
Echinoidea sp. 5 : 572 : R
cf. Amperima sp. : 628 : R
Benthogone sp. : 432 : O
Chordata
Ascidiacea sp. 2 : 20 : R
Squaliformes sp. : 569 : O
Hydrolagus cf. affinis : 1039 : O
Synaphobranchus kaupii : 440 : O
Ipnopidae sp. : 1078 : O
Hoplostethus atlantica : 651 : R
Coryphaenoides guentheri : 577 : F
Coryphaenoides rupestris : 566 : F
Lepidion eques : 249 : R
Mora moro : 349 : O
Polyacanthonotus rissoanus : 552 : O
cf. Rouleina attrita : 1074 : O
Zoarcidae sp. 1 : 259 : R
Zoarcidae sp. 2 : 291 : O
Neocyttus helgae : 563 : O
Myxine glutinosa : 383 : O
Number of species = 90
© Marine Institute, MERC Consultants, Bernard Picton 2022