D460 Transect 13 Xenophyophores and bedrock cliffs with discrete Solenosmilia colonies and sparse mixed corals/sponges. Features of Interest: canyon, escarpments Water Depth: 1506-1311 m
Highlights: Antipatharian and sea fan Sea pen Anemones & cup corals Orange roughy Top of escarpment with encrusting & cup-shaped sponges Hexactinellid sponge Octopus
The canyon has a ridge along the bottom approximately 40 m in height. The substrate is primarily soft sediment with areas of rock outcrop. Hard ground is colonised by glass and encrusting sponges while the soft ground largely contained xenophyophores,
Aphroditidae sp. and the occasional cerianthid anemone. Grenadiers are common along the canyon floor; invertebrate fauna is similar to that observed on the ridge. The canyon wall is steep and terraced; the bivalve Acesta excavata is present in the crevices as are small clumps of the stony coral species Solenosmilia variabilis. Mobile and stalked crinoids, glass sponges and the black coral Leiopathes sp. are commonly recorded on the hard ground with Benthoctopus sp. seen on one of the ledges. Grenadiers are common with the occasional orange roughy and oreo. Over the crest of the canyon soft sediment containing xenophyophores is prevalent and among these a single glass sponge Pheronema carpenteri is recorded.
START VIDEO [00:00:00]/00:21 [1] Mud with scattered boulders, xenophyophores dominate, boulders are sparsely encrusted but too infrequent to be classed as a biotope mosaic. NB the first minute is unclear, with searching focus and obscured views. [00:05:00] small mud-veneered ledge feature, the ROV proceeds over the edge and descends with bottom visible, continued xenophyophores. [00:07:00] landscape starts sloping upwards. [00:12:00] another mud veneered rock ledge feature which the ROV ascends, then proceeds up steep mud slope. [00:18:00] mud veneered ledge, ROV ascends. [00:21:00]-[00:22:00] sparse boulders with corals (not enough to warrant biotope change). [00:27:00] boulder and cobbles proceed [00:28:00] [2] ledge feature, the ROV proceeds over and descends. Brief glimpse of mixed corals colonising cliff terraces before seabed view obscured during descent. [00:30:00] [3] ROV meets the base of cliff, sand with sparse cup corals. [00:31:00] [4] transition to mud, and mud veneered pebbles, upslope. Ophiomusa lymani dominant. Various small vertical bedrock ledge features are sparsely encrusted, especially with white encrusting sponges among other fauna. [00:38:00] [5] extended area of sloping mud with xenophyophores. [00:40:00] [6] several bedrock ledges, xenophyophores on mud veneered terraces, while sparse mixed corals (especially Stichopathes sp. OTU560) colonise vertical rock. [00:45:00] [7] extended xenophyophores on mud. [00:50:00] [8] sparse encrusted sloping bedrock/cliffs. [00:53:00] [9] Top of cliff, ROV traverses right. Sparse encrusted cliffs, with sparse mixed corals on cobbles/boulders on cliff ledge. [00:56:00]-[00:57:00] stop for imagery then proceed over top of cliff meeting next sparse encrusted mud veneered cliff. [00:59:00] [10] reach top of cliff, pebbles host sparse mixed corals, especially Stichopathes sp. , [01:01:00], transition to broken bedrock cobbles/boulders and denser mixed corals/sponges with yellow lamellate sponges dominating (OTU623). [01:02:00]-[01:03:00] stop for imagery. [01:11:00] Solenosmilia variabilis coral rubble mixed in on slope of broken bedrock boulders before reaching the base of cliff which ROV ascends. [01:12:00] traverse right. [01:15:00] continue ascending. [01:16:00] Coral rubble steep slope until [01:20:00] vertical rock cliff. [01:20:00] reach top of cliff, where some Solenosmilia variabilis colonises the overhanging rock (likely partly responsible for the rubble below, assume there is more along cliff edge laterally from here). [01:23:00] [11] Boulders and cobbles continue the mixed coral community, while xenophyophores dominate intermediate mud slope areas. ROV traverses diagonally right. [01:29:00] ROV moving forwards. [01:47:00] [12] mud and xenophyophores. [02:00:00] ROV starts reversing and lateralling left until END VIDEO [02:00:00]/02:22.
Progression | Start | Duration | Code | Name |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | [00:00:00] | 00:28:09 | M.AtLB.Mu.XenCom.SyrFra | Syringammina fragilissima field on Atlantic lower bathyal mud |
2 | [00:28:10] | 00:01:58 | M.AtLB.Ro.MixCor | Mixed cold water coral community on Atlantic lower bathyal coarse sediment |
3 | [00:30:09] | 00:01:30 | M.AtLB.Co.SolScl | Solitary scleractinian field on Atlantic lower bathyal coarse sediment |
4 | [00:31:40] | 00:07:15 | M.AtLB.Mx.SurOph.OphCer | Ophiomusa lymani and cerianthid anemone assemblage on Atlantic lower bathyal mixed sediment |
5 | [00:38:56] | 00:01:31 | M.AtLB.Mu.XenCom.SyrFra | Syringammina fragilissima field on Atlantic lower bathyal mud |
6 | [00:40:28] | 00:06:02 | M.AtLB.Mu.XenCom.SyrFra | Syringammina fragilissima field on Atlantic lower bathyal mud |
7 | [00:46:31] | 00:03:51 | M.AtLB.Mu.XenCom.SyrFra | Syringammina fragilissima field on Atlantic lower bathyal mud |
8 | [00:50:23] | 00:02:37 | M.AtMB.Ro.SpaEnc | Sparse encrusting community on Atlantic mid bathyal rock and other hard substrata |
9 | [00:53:01] | 00:06:45 | M.AtMB.Ro.SpaEnc | Sparse encrusting community on Atlantic mid bathyal rock and other hard substrata |
10 | [01:01:39] | 00:21:29 | M.AtLB.Ro.MixCor | Mixed cold water coral community on Atlantic lower bathyal coarse sediment |
11 | [01:23:09] | 00:24:41 | M.AtLB.Mu.XenCom.SyrFra | Syringammina fragilissima field on Atlantic lower bathyal mud |
12 | [01:47:51] | 00:12:35 | M.AtLB.Mu.XenCom.SyrFra | Syringammina fragilissima field on Atlantic lower bathyal mud |
Unknown sp. ring (small)? : 1117 : R
Foraminifera
Syringammina fragilissima : 261 : C
Porifera
cf. Pheronema sp. (Rock possibly Aphorme horrida) : 1084 : R
Asconema sp. (Porifera massive globose 14) : 650 : O
Aphrocallistes beatrix : 264 : O
Porifera cup 2 : 535 : R
Porifera encrusting sp. 1 (white) : 1 : R
Porifera encrusting sp. 10 (yellow) : 30 : R
Porifera lamellate (bubbles) : 1156 : R
Porifera lamellate sp. 10 (Yellow Solenosmilia assoc.) : 623 : F
Porifera lamellate sp. 9 : 606 : C
Blue Porifera encrusting : 800 : R
Cnidaria
Cerianthidae sp. 1 : 2 : R
Actiniaria sp. 1 : 4 : R
Actiniaria sp. 20 : 605 : R
cf. Halcampoididae sp. : 984 : R
Actinernus michaelsarsi : 554 : O
Actinoscyphiidae sp. 1 (pink) : 1047 : R
Actinostolidae sp. 1 : 132 : R
Adamsia sp. : 1066 : R
Phelliactis sp. 1 : 255 : R
Liponema sp. : 1055 : R
Stichopathes sp. : 560 : F
Leiopathes sp. : 305 : O
Bathypathes sp. (brown) : 284 : R
Parantipathes sp. : 1042 : O
Stauropathes arctica : 547 : O
Corallimorphidae sp. 1 : 39 : R
Caryophyllidae/Fabellidae (indet.) : 1058 : O
Caryophyllia sp. 2 : 6 : R
Caryophyllia sp. 5 (bullseye) : 584 : R
Solenosmilia variabilis : 700 : O
Flabellum sp. : 1056 : R
Zoanthidae sp. 2 : 586 : R
Anthomastus grandiflorus : 278 : R
Pseudoanthomastus sp. : 1080 : R
Anthothela grandiflora : 311 : R
Radicipes cf. gracilis : 1044 : R
Chrysogorgidae sp. 1 : 1008 : O
Acanella arbuscula : 585 : C
Keratoisis sp. 2 : 578 : O
Lepidisis sp. : 557 : R
Isididae sp. (fine branching) : 1064 : O
Paragorgia (twiggy) (poss. Swiftia) : 1065 : R
Paramuricea sp. : 1050 : O
cf. Thouarella sp. : 1086 : O
Gorgonacea sp. (pink, Solenosmilia assoc.) (Jasonisis) : 1070 : R
Gorgonacea sp. 7 (pink) cf. Isidella : 307 : O
Pennatula aculeata : 1046 : R
Pennatula cf. inflata : 1083 : R
Annelida
Bonellia viridis : 267 : R
Aphroditidae sp. 1 : 146 : R
Serpulidae sp. 1 : 106 : R
Arthropoda
Chirostylidae sp. 2 (indet.) : 1054 : R
Paguridae sp. : 205 : R
Munidopsis sp. : 1126 : R
Mysida (indet) : 1026 : R
Colossendeis sp. 1 : 1059 : R
Mollusca
Acesta excavata : 1062 : R
Colus sp. : 113 : R
Octopoda (indet.) : 659 : R
Bryozoa
Reteporella sp. : 204 : R
Echinodermata
Pentametrocrinus atlanticus : 436 : O
Anachalypsicrinus nefertiti : 1031 : O
Crinoidea sp. : 1072 : O
Crinoidea sp. 1 : 131 : C
Asteronyx loveni : 471 : R
Ophiomusa lymani : 551 : R
Ophiuroidea (indet.) : 1076 : R
Brisingidae sp. : 274 : O
Zoroaster fulgens : 988 : R
cf. Henricia sp. (deep) : 1154 : R
Goniasteridae sp. : 1002 : R
Porania sp. : 263 : O
Solaster endeca : 573 : R
Pterasteridae sp. : 1115 : R
cf. Echinus (deep pink spine) : 1129 : R
Hygrosoma sp. : 1125 : O
Phormosoma placenta : 555 : R
cf. Amperima sp. : 628 : R
Benthogone sp. : 432 : O
Chordata
Ascidiacea sp. 2 : 20 : O
Squaliformes sp. : 569 : O
Hydrolagus cf. affinis : 1039 : R
Synaphobranchus kaupii : 440 : O
Ipnopidae sp. : 1078 : R
Hoplostethus atlantica : 651 : R
Molva dypterygia : 245 : R
Coryphaenoides guentheri : 577 : R
Coryphaenoides rupestris : 566 : O
Trachyrincus sp. : 446 : O
Lepidion cf. guentheri : 1160 : R
Lepidion eques : 249 : R
Guttigadus latifrons : 1166 : R
Polyacanthonotus rissoanus : 552 : R
Notacanthidae sp. 1 : 1009 : R
Zoarcidae sp. 2 : 291 : O
Cottunculus microps : 128 : O
Neocyttus helgae : 563 : R
Number of species = 99
© Marine Institute, MERC Consultants, Bernard Picton 2022